Technologies, Materials, Markets, and Forecasts: IDTechEx

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1. Summary of Traction Motor Types 1.2. Average Motor Power 2023 by Vehicle Category (kW) 1.3. Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers 1.4. Motor Type Market Share Forecast 1.5. Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars 1.6. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, regional) 1.7. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, drivetrain) 1.8. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, motor type) 1.9. OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths 1.10. Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 1.11. The Many Types of Square Winding 1.12. Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares 1.13. Micro EV Types 1.14. Micro EV Characteristics 1.15. Average Motor Power of Microcars 1.16. Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, vehicle type) 1.17. Motors Used in eLCVs 1.18. LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 1.19. Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power 1.20. Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power 1.21. Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain & category) 1.22. Bus Categories and Electrification 1.23. Motor Mounting – Central or Axle Mounted 1.24. Traction Motors of Choice for Electric Buses 1.25. Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 1.26. eVTOL Motor Sizing 1.27. Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements 1.28. Player Benchmark of Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density 1.29. Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 1.30. In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 1.31. Motor Type Power Density Benchmark 1.32. OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) 1.33. OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) 1.34. Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) 1.35. Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) 1.36. BEV Power Density Benchmarking 1.37. Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking 1.38. Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking 1.39. eAxle for Commercial Vehicle Benchmarking 1.40. Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2035 (US$ billions) 1.41. Access More with an IDTechEx Subscription 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1. Electric Vehicles: Basic Principle 2.2. Electric Vehicle Definitions 2.3. Drivetrain Specifications 2.4. Parallel and Series Hybrids: Explained 2.5. Electric Motors 3. TYPES OF ELECTRIC TRACTION MOTOR AND BENCHMARKING 3.1. Overview 3.1.1. Electric Traction Motor Types 3.1.2. Summary of Traction Motor Types 3.1.3. Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors 3.1.4. Peak vs Continuous Properties 3.1.5. Efficiency 3.1.6. Brushless DC Motors (BLDC): Working Principle 3.1.7. BLDC Motors: Advantages, Disadvantages 3.1.8. BLDC Motors: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.9. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM): Working Principle 3.1.10. PMSM: Advantages, Disadvantages 3.1.11. PMSM: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.12. Differences Between PMSM and BLDC 3.1.13. Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor (WRSM): Working Principle 3.1.14. Renault’s Magnet Free Motor 3.1.15. Rotor Power Transfer: Brushes vs Wireless 3.1.16. WRSM Motors: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.17. WRSM: Advantages, Disadvantages 3.1.18. AC Induction Motors (ACIM): Working Principle 3.1.19. AC Induction Motor (ACIM) 3.1.20. AC Induction Motors: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.21. AC Induction Motor: Advantages, Disadvantages 3.1.22. Reluctance Motors 3.1.23. Reluctance Motor: Working Principle 3.1.24. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) 3.1.25. Switched Reluctance Motors: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.26. Permanent Magnet Assisted Reluctance (PMAR) 3.1.27. PMAR Motors: Benchmarking Scores 3.1.28. Contributions from Reluctance and Interaction Torque 3.1.29. Regeneration 3.2. Electric Traction Motors: Summary and Benchmarking Results 3.2.1. Comparison of Traction Motor Construction and Merits 3.2.2. Motor Efficiency Comparison 3.2.3. Benchmarking Electric Traction Motors 3.2.4. Multiple Motors: Explained 4. MOTOR MARKET IN ELECTRIC CARS 4.1. BEV and PHEV Motor Type Market Share by Region 2015-2023 4.2. Convergence on PM Motors by Major Automakers 4.3. Motor Type Market Share Forecast 4.4. Commentary on Electric Traction Motor Trends in Cars 4.5. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, regional) 4.6. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, drivetrain) 4.7. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, motor type) 4.8. Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2035 (kW, regional) 4.9. Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2035 (kW, drivetrain) 4.10. Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2035 (US$, drivetrain) 5. MICROMOBILITY 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Micro EV Types 5.3. Micro EV Characteristics 5.4. Comparison of Micro EV Segments 5.5. Asia Home to Major Electric Two-wheeler Markets 5.6. Electric Two-wheeler Classification 5.7. Electric Two-wheelers: Power Classes 5.8. Indian Electric Two-wheeler OEMs 5.9. E-motorcycle Benchmarking 5.10. Motor Technologies in Two-wheelers 5.11. The Role of Three-wheelers 5.12. Electric Three-wheeler Classification 5.13. China and India: Major Three-wheeler Markets 5.14. Examples of E3W Models in India 5.15. Examples of E3W Models in China 5.16. Three Wheelers Outside China and India 5.17. Microcars: The Goldilocks of Urban EVs 5.18. Examples of Microcars by Region 5.19. Average Motor Power of Microcars 5.20. Micromobility Motor Manufacturers 5.21. Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, vehicle type) 5.22. Micromobility Research 6. ELECTRIC LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (ELCV) 6.1. Introduction to Electric LCVs 6.2. LCV Definition 6.3. Electric LCVs: Drivers and Barriers 6.4. Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in Europe 6.5. Specifications of Popular Electric LCVs in China 6.6. Motors Used in eLCVs 6.7. Motor Number, Type and Power Trends: LCV 6.8. eLCV Average Motor Performance and Type 6.9. LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 6.10. Light Commercial Vehicle Research 7. ELECTRIC TRUCKS 7.1. Trucks are Capital Goods 7.2. Zero Emission Trucks: Drivers and Barriers 7.3. Regional Model Availability 2021-2024 7.4. BEV and FCEV M&HD Trucks: Weight vs Motor Power 7.5. Medium Duty Truck Models Motor Power 7.6. Heavy Duty Truck Models Motor Power 7.7. Truck Motor Type Market Share and Power Output Requirements 7.8. Integrated e-Axle Space Advantage 7.9. Allison Transmission eGen Power e-Axles 7.10. BorgWarner 7.11. Dana E-Axles 7.12. Dana TM4 7.13. Danfoss Editron 7.14. Detroit eAxles 7.15. FPT Truck Motors 7.16. Accelera eAxles 7.17. Meritor 14Xe Electric Drivetrain 7.18. Volvo Driveline 7.19. ZF 7.20. Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain & category) 7.21. Electric Truck Research 8. ELECTRIC BUSES 8.1. Bus Categories and Electrification 8.2. Overview of Bus Types and Specific Challenges to Electrification 8.3. Options for Reduced Emissions Buses 8.4. Electric Buses – a Global Outlook 8.5. Motor Mounting – Central or Axle Mounted 8.6. Electric Bus Motor Types 8.7. Motor Benchmarking and Metrics for Buses 8.8. Traction Motors of Choice for Electric Buses 8.9. Motor Suppliers – Overview 8.10. Convergence on PM 8.11. Motor OEM Supply Relationships 8.12. Dana TM4 8.13. Equipmake – Motors for Retrofitting 8.14. Siemens/Cummins ACCELERA 8.15. Traktionssysteme Austria (TSA) 8.16. Voith 8.17. Voith – Central Motors Only 8.18. ZF Group – AxTrax and CeTrax 8.19. ZF Group – New AxTrax and CeTrax Shift to PM Motors 8.20. Volvo Electric Buses 8.21. Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 9. HEV DRIVE TECHNOLOGY 9.1. HEV Car Manufacturers 9.2. Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System 9.3. Hybrid Synergy Drive/ Toyota Hybrid System 9.4. Honda 9.5. Honda’s 2 Motor Hybrid System 9.6. Nissan Note e-POWER 9.7. Hyundai Sonata Hybrid 9.8. Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2010 9.9. Toyota Prius Drive Motor: 2004-2017 9.10. Comparison of Hybrid MGs 9.11. Global HEV Car Motor/Generator Trends 9.12. HEV Car MGs Trends and Assumptions 9.13. Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2035 (units, kW) 9.14. High Voltage Hybrid Electric Vehicle Research 10. ELECTRIC AVIATION 10.1. eVTOL Motor Requirements 10.1.1. eVTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements 10.1.2. eVTOL Aircraft Motor Power Sizing 10.1.3. eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate 10.1.4. eVTOL Power Requirement 10.1.5. eVTOL Power Requirement: kW Estimate 10.1.6. Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion 10.1.7. eVTOL Number of Electric Motors 10.1.8. Motor Sizing 10.2. eCTOL Motor Requirements 10.2.1. eCTOL Motor / Powertrain Requirements 10.2.2. Overview of Plane Types Energy and Power Requirements 10.2.3. Typical Airplane Engines 10.2.4. Airplane Engines Power and Weight 10.2.5. Turbofan Power Estimations 10.2.6. Electric Motors and Distributed Electric Propulsion 10.2.7. Challenges in Building a 100MW Electric Propulsion Unit 10.3. Electric Motors for Aviation: Players 10.3.1. Ascendance 10.3.2. Collins – Aerospace Suppliers Working on Motor Products 10.3.3. Duxion is Reinventing the Motor to Replace Turbofans 10.3.4. EMRAX 10.3.5. ePropelled 10.3.6. Evolito 10.3.7. H3X 10.3.8. MAGicALL 10.3.9. magniX 10.3.10. MGM COMPRO 10.3.11. Nidec Aerospace 10.3.12. Rolls-Royce / Siemens 10.3.13. Rolls-Royce / Siemens 10.3.14. SAFRAN 10.3.15. Wright Electric’s High Power-to-Weight Motor 10.3.16. Other Player Examples 10.3.17. Power Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation 10.3.18. Torque Density Comparison: Motors for Aviation 10.3.19. eCTOL and eVTOL Research 11. EMERGING MOTOR TECHNOLOGIES 11.1. Axial Flux Motors 11.1.1. Radial Flux Motors 11.1.2. Axial Flux Motors 11.1.3. Radial Flux vs Axial Flux Motors 11.1.4. Yoked vs Yokeless Axial Flux 11.1.5. Challenges with Axial Flux Thermal Management 11.1.6. List of Axial Flux Motor Players 11.1.7. Beyond Motors 11.1.8. AVID Acquired by Turntide 11.1.9. EMRAX 11.1.10. Elemental Motors 11.1.11. Infinitum Electric: Printed PCB Stator 11.1.12. Lamborghini 11.1.13. Koenigsegg – raxial flux 11.1.14. Magnax 11.1.15. Magelec Propulsion 11.1.16. Saietta 11.1.17. Tresa Motors 11.1.18. WHYLOT 11.1.19. WHYLOT and Renault 11.1.20. YASA Axial Flux Motors 11.1.21. YASA and Koenigsegg 11.1.22. YASA and Ferrari 11.1.23. Lamborghini 634 – V8 with Axial Flux 11.1.24. Daimler Acquires YASA 11.1.25. Mercedes Vision One Eleven Concept 11.1.26. Commercial Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark 11.1.27. Player Benchmark of Axial Flux Motors Power and Torque Density 11.1.28. Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 11.2. In-wheel Motors 11.2.1. In-wheel Motors 11.2.2. Risks and Opportunities for In-wheel Motors 11.2.3. DeepDrive 11.2.4. Elaphe 11.2.5. Ferrari 11.2.6. Gem Motors 11.2.7. Hitachi 11.2.8. Hyundai Mobis 11.2.9. Nidec 11.2.10. Protean Electric 11.2.11. REE Automotive 11.2.12. Schaeffler 11.2.13. Examples of Vehicles with In-wheel Motors 11.2.14. Axial Flux for In-wheel Motors 11.2.15. In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 11.3. Axial Flux and In-wheel Motors Benchmarking Against BEV Motors 11.3.1. Motor Type Power Density Benchmark 11.3.2. Motor Type Torque Density Benchmark 11.3.3. Average and Range of Power and Torque Density by Motor Type 11.4. Overcoming Issues with Switched Reluctance Motors 11.4.1. Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) 11.4.2. No Permanent Magnets for SRMs 11.4.3. Advanced Electric Machines (AEM): Commercial Vehicles 11.4.4. AEM and Bentley 11.4.5. Enedym 11.4.6. RETORQ Motors 11.4.7. Punch Powertrain 11.4.8. Turntide Technologies 11.4.9. Switched Reluctance Players for EVs 12. MATERIALS FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS 12.1. Overview 12.1.1. Which Materials are Required for Electric Motors? 12.2. Materials for Permanent Magnets 12.2.1. Magnetic Material Distribution in Rotors 12.2.2. ID4 vs Leaf vs Model 3 Rotors 12.2.3. Magnet Composition for Motors 12.2.4. Mining of Rare-Earth Metals 12.2.5. China’s Control of Rare-Earths 12.2.6. Volatility of EV Motor Materials 12.2.7. The Market Drive to Eliminate Rare Earths 12.3. Rare Earth Reduction and Elimination 12.3.1. Europe’s Move to Magnet Free Designs 12.3.2. Key Magnetic Properties and Challenges with Rare Earth Free Magnets 12.3.3. Tesla’s Next Generation Motor 12.3.4. How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (1) 12.3.5. How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (2) 12.3.6. How Tesla Could Eliminate Rare-earths (3) 12.3.7. Rare Earth Reduction Progress in Japan 12.3.8. Alternative Magnetic Materials 12.3.9. Alternative Magnetic Materials 12.3.10. Toyota’s Neodymium Reduced Magnet 12.3.11. Niron Magnetics 12.3.12. Niron Funding and Partnerships 12.3.13. PASSENGER Rare Earth Free Magnets 12.3.14. Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium in Motors 12.3.15. Ferrite Performance vs Neodymium 12.3.16. Recycling Rare Earths 12.3.17. OEM & Tier 1 Approaches to Eliminate Rare Earths 12.4. Rotor and Stator Windings 12.4.1. Aluminium vs Copper in Rotors 12.4.2. Round Wire vs Hairpins for Copper in Stators 12.4.3. The Many Types of Square Winding 12.4.4. Round Wire vs Hairpin vs Continuous Winding 12.4.5. MG Motors (SAIC) 12.4.6. VW’s MEB 12.4.7. Tesla 12.4.8. Round vs Hairpin Windings: OEMs 12.4.9. Hairpin Winding Regional Market Shares 12.4.10. A New Winding Format? 12.4.11. Aluminum vs Copper Windings 12.4.12. Compressed Aluminum Windings 12.4.13. Aluminum Windings: Players 12.5. Motor Materials Environmental Impact and Forecasts 12.5.1. Environmental Impact Introduction 12.5.2. Environmental Impact of Materials 12.5.3. Material Intensity for BEV Motors 12.5.4. Environmental Impact of Several BEV Motors 12.5.5. Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 12.5.6. Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 12.5.7. Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 13. THERMAL MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC MOTORS 13.1. Overview 13.1.1. Cooling Electric Motors 13.2. Motor Cooling Strategies 13.2.1. Air Cooling 13.2.2. Water-glycol Cooling 13.2.3. Oil Cooling 13.2.4. Electric Motor Thermal Management Overview 13.2.5. Motor Cooling Strategy by Power 13.2.6. Cooling Strategy by Motor Type 13.2.7. Cooling Technology: OEM strategies 13.2.8. Motor Cooling Strategy by Region (2015-2023) 13.2.9. Motor Cooling Strategy Market Share (2015-2023) 13.2.10. Automotive Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast 2015-2035 (units) 13.2.11. Alternate Cooling Structures 13.2.12. Refrigerant Cooling 13.2.13. Immersion Cooling 13.2.14. Phase Change Materials 13.2.15. Reducing Heavy Rare Earths Through Thermal Management 13.3. Motor Insulation and Encapsulation 13.3.1. Impregnation and Encapsulation 13.3.2. Potting and Encapsulation: Players 13.3.3. Axalta – Motor Insulation 13.3.4. Elantas – Insulation Systems for 800V Motors 13.3.5. Insulating Hairpin Windings 13.4. PEEK Motor Insulation 13.4.1. Bekaert – PEEK Insulation 13.4.2. Eaton – Nanocomposite PEEK Insulation 13.4.3. Solvay – PEEK Insulation 13.4.4. Victrex – PEEK Motor Insulation 13.4.5. When Should PEEK be Used? 14. EV MOTORS: OEM USE-CASES AND SUPPLY PARTNERSHIPS 14.1. Overview 14.1.1. OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) 14.1.2. OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) 14.1.3. OEMs Moving to In-house Motor Development 14.2. Motor Examples 14.2.1. Audi e-tron 14.2.2. Audi e-tron 14.2.3. Audi Q4 e-tron 14.2.4. Audi Premium Platform Electric (PPE) 14.2.5. BMW i3 2016 14.2.6. BMW 5th Gen Drive (Jaguar) 14.2.7. BYD e-Platform 3.0 14.2.8. Chevrolet Bolt Onwards (LG) 14.2.9. Equipmake 14.2.10. Ford Mustang Mach-E (BorgWarner and Magna) 14.2.11. GM Ultium Drive 14.2.12. Huawei 14.2.13. Hyundai E-GMP (BorgWarner) 14.2.14. Jaguar I-PACE (AAM) 14.2.15. Lordstown Motors (Elaphe) 14.2.16. Lucid Air 14.2.17. IRP Systems 14.2.18. Magna’s Latest eDrive 14.2.19. Mercedes EQ 14.2.20. Nidec – Gen.2 drive 14.2.21. Nissan Leaf 14.2.22. Porsche Taycan 14.2.23. Ricardo Rare Earth Free Drive Unit 14.2.24. Rivian 14.2.25. Rivian In-house Motors 14.2.26. SAIC – Oil cooling system 14.2.27. Stellantis Shared Platform (Npe) 14.2.28. Tesla Induction Motor 14.2.29. Tesla PM Motor 14.2.30. Tesla’s Carbon Wrapped Motor 14.2.31. Tesla Cybertruck 14.2.32. Toyota Prius 2004 to 2010 14.2.33. VW ID3/ID4 14.2.34. Zero Z-Force Powertrain 14.2.35. ZF 14.3. Tier 1 Wound Rotor Synchronous Motors/Externally Excited Synchronous Motors 14.3.1. BorgWarner’s EESM Development 14.3.2. MAHLE 14.3.3. Schaeffler Wound Rotor Design 14.3.4. Vitesco 14.3.5. ZF 14.4. Supply Relationships 14.4.1. Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (1) 14.4.2. Commercial Vehicle OEM and Tier 1 Supply Relationships (2) 14.4.3. Allison Transmission – Anadolu Isuzu 14.4.4. Aisin Seiki, DENSO and Toyota Motor form BluE Nexus 14.4.5. BorgWarner Partnerships and Acquisitions 14.4.6. Bosch 14.4.7. Continental 14.4.8. Dana Supply Relationships and Announcements 14.4.9. GKN Automotive 14.4.10. Lucid Supply Partnerships 14.4.11. Hitachi 14.4.12. LG Electronics and Magna 14.4.13. Nidec 14.4.14. Mavel 14.4.15. Schaeffler 14.4.16. Valeo 14.4.17. Vitesco Technologies 14.4.18. Vitesco and Schaeffler Merger 14.4.19. Yamaha – hypercar electric motor 14.4.20. ZF 15. EV MOTORS: OEM BENCHMARKING 15.1. Automotive 15.1.1. BEV Power Density Benchmarking 15.1.2. BEV Torque Density Benchmarking 15.1.3. BEV Power and Torque Density Benchmark 15.1.4. EV Motor Specification Summary 15.2. Commercial Vehicles 15.2.1. Commercial Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking 15.2.2. Commercial Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking 15.2.3. Commercial Vehicle Motors Power and Torque Density Benchmark 15.2.4. Commercial Vehicle Motor Specification Summary 15.3. Light Duty 15.3.1. Light Duty Vehicle Motors Power Density Benchmarking 15.3.2. Light Duty Vehicle Motors Torque Density Benchmarking 15.3.3. Light Duty Vehicle Motor Specification Summary 15.4. eAxles for Commercial Vehicles 15.4.1. eAxle for Commercial Vehicle Benchmarking 15.4.2. eAxle Specification Summary 16. FORECASTS AND ASSUMPTIONS 16.1. Forecast Methodology & Assumptions 16.2. Motor Price Forecast and Assumptions 16.3. Average Motor Power 2023 by Vehicle Category (kW) 16.4. Motor per Vehicle and kW per Vehicle Assumptions 16.5. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, regional) 16.6. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, drivetrain) 16.7. Automotive Electric Motor Forecast 2015-2035 (units, motor type) 16.8. Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2035 (kW, regional) 16.9. Automotive Electric Motor Power Forecast 2015-2035 (kW, drivetrain) 16.10. Automotive Electric Motor Value Forecast 2021-2035 (US$, drivetrain) 16.11. Micro-EV Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, vehicle type) 16.12. LCV Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 16.13. Truck Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain & category) 16.14. Bus Electric Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units, drivetrain) 16.15. Global HEV Car MG Demand Forecast 2015-2035 (units, kW) 16.16. Automotive Axial Flux Motor Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 16.17. In-wheel Motors Production Forecast 2021-2035 (units) 16.18. Materials in Rare Earth Motor Magnets Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 16.19. Rare Earth vs Rare Earth Free Magnet Material Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 16.20. Materials in Electric Motors Forecast 2021-2035 (kg) 16.21. Automotive Motor Cooling Strategy Forecast 2015-2035 (units) 16.22. Total Motors Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2035 (units) 16.23. Total Motor Power Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2035 (kW) 16.24. Total Motor Market Size Forecast by Vehicle and Drivetrain 2021-2035 (US$ billions) 17. COMPANY PROFILES 17.1. Advanced Electric Machines: Rare Earth Free Motors 17.2. AVID Technology 17.3. Axalta Coating Systems: Electric Motor Insulation 17.4. Beyond Motors: Axial Flux Motors 17.5. DELO: Adhesives for Automotive Components 17.6. Eaton Research Laboratories: Electric Motor Insulation 17.7. Elaphe: In-wheel Motors to Increase Drive Cycle Efficiency 17.8. ePropelled: Dynamic Torque-switching Electric Motor 17.9. Equipmake: Electric Motors and Power Electronics 17.10. EVR Motors 17.11. Infinitum Electric: PCB Stator Axial Flux Motor 17.12. Monumo: Artificial Intelligence for Motor Development 17.13. Niron Magnetics: Rare Earth Free Permanent Magnets 17.14. Protean Electric 17.15. RETORQ Motors 17.16. Traxial (a Magnax Company) 17.17. Schaeffler: Magnet Free Motors 17.18. Ultimate Transmissions: How Tesla Could Avoid Rare-Earth Magnets 17.19. Ultimate Transmissions: Thermal Management of Electric Motors 17.20. Victrex